WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen 1968 (EURO 3101). The increase in the number of users indicates the usefulness of the system.ġ. Several decades of experience have demonstrated its suitability in drug utilization monitoring and research. In 1996, WHO recommended the global use of the ATC/DDD methodology. In 1982 the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology was established and assigned the responsibility to coordinate the development and use of the ATC/DDD methodology. In 1981, the WHO Regional Office for Europe formally recognized the ATC/DDD system for drug utilization studies and recommended its use in Europe. International interests in the ATC/DDD methodology rapidly expanded, largely through the activity of the DURG. To address the drawbacks of traditional units of measurement, a technical unit of measurement called the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) was developed for use in drug utilization studies. In order to analyze drug use, it is essential to have both a classification system and a unit of measurement. Inspired by this interest, the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification was developed in Norway as a modification and extension of the European Pharmaceutical Market Research Association (EPhMRA) classification system As a result the Drug Utilization Research Group (DURG) was established and entrusted with the development of DUR methods. In addition, the WHO symposium in 1969 highlighted the need for an internationally accepted classification system for drug utilization studies. This followed the publication of a breakthrough study on drug consumption from 1966-1967 (pioneered by the WHO Regional Office for Europe) which further exemplified the importance and applicability of DUR (1). The field of Drug Utilization Research (DUR) began attracting attention in the 1960’s. The adoption of ATC/DDD by more users further facilitates the comparison of data at an international level. The methodology is endorsed by WHO and is recommended as the international standard for drug utilization monitoring and research. Such methodology is useful for valid presentation and comparison of drug utilization within and across countries to support better outcomes and quality use of medicines. The ATC/DDD methodology facilitates the presentation and comparison of drug consumption statistics at international, national and regional levels despite differences in nomenclature (both branded and generic), packing sizes, pricing and customary dosages. The definition of the DDD is: The assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults. The DDD is a unit of measurement and is linked to the ATC code. The ATC classification system groups the active medical substances according to the organ or system on which they act and according to their therapeutic, pharmacologic and chemical properties. Drug Utilization Research (DUR) uses the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) as the classification system and the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) as a unit of measure.
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